Golf Tutorials

How to Know Which Iron to Use in Golf

By Spencer Lanoue
July 24, 2025

Standing over your ball, 150 yards from the green, and wrestling with whether you need a 7-iron or an 8-iron? It's a question that Echoes through every golfer's mind, regardless of their skill level. Making the right choice isn't just about distance, it's about feel, confidence, and strategy. This guide breaks down exactly how to select the right iron for any situation, helping you remove the guesswork and swing with absolute commitment.

Know Your Numbers: The Foundation of Club Selection

Before you can account for wind, hills, or tricky lies, you have to know your baseline. The single most important step in confident iron play is knowing how far you hit each club with a normal, comfortable swing. This is what golfers call your "stock yardage," and it's the bedrock upon which all other on-course decisions are built.

What Are Stock Distances?

A stock yardage is the distance your ball carries in the air when you make a full, balanced swing that you could repeat consistently - think about an 80% effort, not an all-out-power swing. It’s your standard, go-to number for that club. Why focus on carry distance instead of total distance? Because carry is the number you can control. You use it to fly over bunkers, water, and other trouble, while the roll is unpredictable and changes drastically from course to course.

How to Find Your Stock Distances

Figuring this out is easier than you think. It just takes a dedicated session at the driving range or, even better, with a launch monitor. Here's a simple, step-by-step process:

  1. Warm Up Properly: Don't just start grabbing clubs and swinging. Do some stretching and hit some light wedge shots to get your body moving and ready to make a repeatable golf swing.
  2. Start with Your Wedges: Begin with your pitching wedge. Hit 10-15 balls with a comfortable, full swing. The goal isn't to hit them as far as you can, but as consistently as you can.
  3. Note the Carry Distance: If you're on a range with accurate yardage markers, estimate where the balls are landing on average. If you have access to a launch monitor (many ranges do now), this part is much easier - it will give you the precise carry distance for every shot.
  4. Throw Out the Outliers: In any set of 10 shots, you'll have one you thinned that went way too far and one you hit fat that went nowhere. Ignore those. We want the average of your typical, solid strikes. That’s your reliable number.
  5. Work Through Your Bag: Repeat this process for every iron in your bag: 9-iron, 8-iron, 7-iron, and so on.
  6. Create a Chart: Once you're done, write down the average carry distance for each club. Keep it on a small card in your bag or in a notes app on your phone. It might look something like this:
    • Pitching Wedge: 115 yards
    • 9-iron: 125 yards
    • 8-iron: 135 yards
    • 7-iron: 145 yards

This little chart is your new best friend. It gives you a starting point for every approach shot. Just remember, these are your numbers. It doesn't matter if your buddy hits his 8-iron as far as your 6-iron. The only yardages that matter on your scorecard are the ones you own.

Factoring in the Course and Conditions

Now that you have your stock yardages locked in, the real art of club selection begins. Your 150-yard club won't always fly 150 yards. On the course, you have to play accountant and adjust for several variables that want to change your final number.

Wind: The Game's Invisible Hazard

Wind is the most common factor you'll face. Learning to judge and adjust for it is a huge step in managing your game.

  • Into the Wind: This requires you to "club up" - meaning you take more club than the yardage suggests. For a 150-yard shot into a steady breeze, you might need your 160-yard club (your 6-iron instead of your 7-iron). A useful tip here is to swing a little smoother. A full, hard swing generates more spin, which can cause the ball to "balloon" up into the wind and come up short. A three-quarter swing with the stronger club will fly lower and be less affected.
  • Downwind: When the wind is at your back, you'll "club down." For that same 150-yard shot, you might only need your 140-yard club. The ball will fly farther, but be careful - it will also be harder to stop on the green because the wind will reduce your backspin. It's often better to land a bit short of the pin and let it release.
  • Crosswind: A crosswind will push your ball sideways. You need to adjust your aim. If you have a right-to-left wind, aim a bit to the right of your target and let the wind bring the ball back. How much you aim off depends on the wind's strength - something you learn with experience.

Elevation: What Goes Up Must Be Calculated

Your distance-measuring device might say 150 yards, but if the green is significantly higher or lower than you are, the shot will play very differently.

  • Uphill Shots: An uphill shot plays longer than the flat yardage. You're hitting into a slope, which effectively reduces the total distance your ball can travel. A good rule of thumb is to add one club for every 10-15 feet of elevation gain. If the flag is 15 feet above you, treat your 150-yard shot like it's a 160-yard shot.
  • Downhill Shots: Conversely, downhill shots play shorter. The golf ball stays in the air for longer, allowing gravity to cover more ground for you. For every 10-15 feet of downhill elevation, you'll want to take one less club.

The Lie: How the Ball Is Resting

Your "lie" - the patch of ground your ball is sitting on - has a massive impact on your shot, and ignoring it is one of the biggest mistakes amateurs make.

  • From the Rough: When the ball is sitting down in thick grass, two things happen. First, grass gets trapped between the clubface and the ball, which severely reduces spin. This can lead to a "flyer" lie, where the ball comes out hot and low with no backspin to stop it, so it might fly much farther than you expect. Second, the long grass can grab the hosel of your club at impact and twist it closed, causing you to pull the shot left. The rule here: take more club, grip it a little firmer to prevent twisting, and focus on making a steep, downward strike to get the ball out clean. Sometimes, the heroic shot isn't the right one - just pitching it back to the fairway is the smart play.
  • Uneven Lies:
    • Ball Above Your Feet: The ball is closer to you, forcing you to make a flatter, more rounded swing. This naturally causes the clubface to close through impact, making shots go to the left (for a right-handed golfer). Your adjustment is to aim slightly to the right of your target.
    • Ball Below Your Feet: Now the ball is farther away, requiring a more upright swing. This tends to leave the clubface open, pushing shots to the right. To compensate, aim a bit to the left of your target.

Choosing a Club to Match Your Shot

Club selection isn't just about science, it's about strategy. The right club is not always the one that gets the ball Pin high. It’s the one that gives you the best chance for a good score by avoiding trouble.

Pin Location: Attack or Play Safe?

Where the flag is cut on the green should heavily influence your club choice.

  • Front Pin: This might look tempting, but it’s a trap. Most amateur golfers come up short. Don't be one of them. Take enough club to fly the ball to the middle of the green. A 15-foot putt from behind the hole is way better than a difficult chip from the front fringe or a bunker.
  • Back Pin: The mortal sin here is going long. There's often trouble behind the green (bunkers, deep rough, out of bounds). Again, aim for the middle of the green. Your primary goal is to take "long" completely out of play.
  • Tucked Pin: If the pin is tucked next to a water hazard or a deep bunker, ignore it. Aim for the "fat" part of the green, the safest, largest landing area. You're playing the percentages. Avoid the big, round-killing number at all costs and give your putter a chance to work.

The 3/4 Swing: Your Secret Weapon

Good players rarely hit every iron at 100% power. Between your stock yardages for each club are "in-between" distances, and the best way to hit these is by taking something off a stronger club. Let’s say you’re 140 yards out. Your 8-iron goes 135 and your 7-iron goes 145. Instead of hammering an 8-iron or trying to choke down on a 7, try a smooth, three-quarter swing with the 7-iron. This shot is easier to control, often flies on a lower trajectory (which is great in the wind), and gives you a level of touch that you can't get by just swinging harder or softer.

Trust and Commitment: The Final Step

After you’ve gathered all the data - the yardage, the wind, the lie, the pin location - you have to make a decision. Pick a club. Pick a target. And once you've done that, the most important part is to commit to the shot. Indecision creates tension, hesitation, and bad swings. A confident swing with the "wrong" club will produce a far better result than a tentative swing with the "right" one. Trust your process and execute your plan.

Final Thoughts

Learning which iron to use starts with your own game - by knowing your stock yardages cold. From there, it's about layering on the variables of the course, like wind, elevation, and the lie, and finishing with a smart strategy that keeps you out of big trouble. It’s a skill that transforms you from someone who just hits shots into a golfer who truly plays the game.

Over time, this process becomes almost second nature, but when you're starting out or facing a really tricky situation, the doubt can creep back in. This is where modern tools can offer a huge advantage. As the creators of Caddie AI, we wanted to give every golfer an expert second opinion right in their pocket. Our app can give you an instant club recommendation based on the real-time conditions, and you can even take a photo of a difficult lie to get immediate, professional advice on how best to play it. We believe that by removing the guesswork, you can play with more confidence and enjoy the game more than ever.

Spencer has been playing golf since he was a kid and has spent a lifetime chasing improvement. With over a decade of experience building successful tech products, he combined his love for golf and startups to create Caddie AI - the world's best AI golf app. Giving everyone an expert level coach in your pocket, available 24/7. His mission is simple: make world-class golf advice accessible to everyone, anytime.

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