There's a sinking feeling every golfer knows well: you make a swing, the contact is a little off, and the ball sails toward a thick patch of trees or a notoriously unforgiving patch of fescue. Is it lost? Is it out of bounds? You're not sure. This article is your guide to navigating that exact moment by properly playing a provisional shot. We’ll walk through what a provisional is, when to hit one, the step-by-step procedure, and what to do once you've played it, so you can handle this situation with confidence and keep your round moving smoothly.
Think of a provisional shot as a "just in case" golf shot. It's a second ball you play - under Rule 18.3 - from the same spot as your original shot when you think that the original ball might be lost somewhere on the course (but not in a penalty area) or might have landed out of bounds (O.B.).
The entire purpose of the provisional ball is to save time. Instead of hitting your tee shot, searching for it for three minutes, realizing it's lost, and then having to make the long, frustrating walk of shame back to the tee to hit another ball, you play a provisional right away. If your first ball is indeed lost or O.B., the provisional immediately becomes your ball in play. If you find your first ball, you simply pick up the provisional and carry on. It's a simple rule that is fundamental to good pace of play and helps manage the frustration of an errant shot.
You can't just hit a provisional whenever you feel like it. The rules are specific, but simple. You should play a provisional ball only when you believe your original shot may be:
That’s it. If you see your ball splash into a pond or disappear into a lateral hazard marked with red stakes, you cannot play a provisional. In that situation, you must proceed under the rules for a penalty area. The provisional is exclusively for the "lost or out of bounds" scenario.
The best practice is to always err on the side of caution. If you have any doubt about whether you’ll find your ball, announce your intention and put a provisional into play. It takes 30 seconds to hit another shot, but can save five or more minutes of walking back and replaying. Your playing partners, and the group behind you, will thank you for it.
Playing a provisional shot correctly is a simple, three-step process. Messing up these steps can lead to penalties, so it's a good idea to know them by heart. Here's exactly what you need to do:
This is the most important part of the entire process. Before you make a stroke on your second ball, you must announce to your playing partners that you are playing a provisional. You need to use the word "provisional" or otherwise make your intent clear.
Good announcements sound like this:
Why is this so critical? If you simply drop another ball and hit it without announcing that it's a provisional, that second ball instantly becomes your ball in play under the stroke-and-distance penalty. Your original ball is considered lost at that moment, even if you later find it sitting perfectly in the middle of the fairway. Clarity is everything. Announce it first.
While the Rules of Golf no longer require you to use a ball that is different from your original, it is highly recommended. For instance, if you were playing a Titleist Pro V1 with the number ‘2’, use a Pro V1 with the number ‘3’, or even a different brand of ball entirely for your provisional shot. This tiny step prevents a world of confusion when you and your group walk forward to search.
Imagine finding two identical balls near each other in the rough. Which one was the original? Which was the provisional? Using a distinctly different ball clears up any potential for confusion and keeps everything simple.
You must play your provisional shot from the same spot, or as close as possible to the same spot, from which you played the original shot. If it was a tee shot, you can re-tee the ball anywhere within the teeing area. If it was from the fairway or rough, drop your provisional ball as near as you can to the original spot. You are essentially repeating the previous stroke.
This is where golfers can get a little turned around. Once you've hit the provisional, a couple of things can happen when you walk up to the area where your original shot landed. Let’s break down the common scenarios.
This is the best possible outcome. Once you identify and find your original ball within the three-minute search period, the provisional ball is officially out of play. You must play your original ball. Simply pick up your provisional ball (no penalty) and continue the hole from where your original ball lies. All of the strokes you made with the provisional ball (including the shot itself and any penalties) don't count.
If your three-minute search time expires and you haven't found your original ball, or if you immediately find it sitting on the other side of those white O.B. stakes, your provisional ball is now the ball in play.
Here’s how the score works out:
This means you are now lying three, and your next shot will be your fourth. So, if you hit a great provisional shot that lands smack in the middle of the fairway, you will be getting ready to hit your 4th shot.
You need to be very careful about one more rule. The provisional ball ceases to be a provisional ball as soon as you make a stroke with it from a spot that is nearer the hole than where your original ball is estimated to be.
For example: You hit your tee shot and think it might be lost 200 yards ahead. You hit a great provisional that lands in the fairway, 220 yards out. You walk ahead to search for your original. If you decide to give up the search and go play your provisional from its spot 220 yards ahead, the provisional officially becomes the ball in play. At that very moment, your original ball is deemed lost.
Knowing how and when to play a provisional shot is about more than just following the rulebook. It's about being a smarter, more considerate golfer.
It's All About Pace of Play: The provisional shot is one of the most effective tools we have for fighting slow play. Hitting that "just in case" ball is a huge sign of respect for the game and for the other people on the course. You're anticipating a problem and solving it before it bogs down your group.
Managing the Mental Game: There are few things in golf more demoralizing than having to re-tee after a long, fruitless search. It breaks your rhythm and magnifies the frustration of a bad shot. Hitting a provisional keeps your body and mind moving forward. It gives you a way to immediately recover and gives you a chance to turn a bad outcome into a manageable one with one better swing.
When in doubt, always play one. It’s far better to have hit a provisional you didn’t end up needing than to waste minutes of everyone's time on a slow walk back to where you just came from. Playing a provisional shot correctly shows you know the rules, respect the game's flow, and can handle a tough situation like a seasoned player.
The provisional shot rule is designed to be your ally on the course, saving you time and frustration when a shot goes astray. By understanding when to play a provisional, announcing your intent clearly, and knowing what to do in each scenario, you can navigate these tricky moments with confidence and poise.
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