What Does 1 Up Mean in Golf?

Ever hear golf commentators say a player is 1 up during a team event like the Ryder Cup and find yourself a bit confused? You're not alone. This unique scoring system, known as match play, is a different beast from the traditional stroke play most golfers are used to. This article will break down exactly what 1 up means, how the entire scoring format works, and give you practical strategies to try it out yourself.

What is Match Play? The Foundation of "1 Up"

To understand what "1 up" means, you first need to understand the game it belongs to: match play. Golf has two primary forms of competition: stroke play and match play. You’re probably most familiar with stroke play - it’s what you see at The Masters or the U.S. Open and likely how you play with your friends on a weekend.

In stroke play, every single shot counts. Your goal is to record the lowest total number of strokes over a full round of 18 holes. If you shoot an 85 and your buddy shoots an 88, you win by three strokes. A disastrous triple bogey on Hole 3 counts against your final score just as much as a brilliant birdie on Hole 18.

Match play, however, completely changes the goal. Instead of competing against the entire field's final score, you're in a head-to-head battle against a single opponent. The game is broken down into 18 individual competitions, one for each hole. The aim isn't to get the lowest total score, but simply to win more holes than your opponent. The player who wins a hole gets a point. The player who has the most points at the end of the round wins the match.

Think of it like this: stroke play is a marathon where your total time is the only thing that matters. Match play is more like a 12-round boxing match. You're trying to win each round (or hole) individually. A boxer can win by taking 7 out of the 12 rounds, even if they got knocked down hard in one of the rounds they lost. In match play, making a 10 on a hole doesn't hurt you any more than losing the hole with a simple bogey. Once the hole is over, you wipe the slate clean and start a new contest on the next tee.

Breaking Down the Scorecard: Understanding "Up," "Down," and "All Square"

Because the total score doesn't matter, the language of match play is totally different. The score is always expressed in relation to your opponent. Here’s a simple glossary of the terms you'll hear.

• 1 Up: This is the core term. If you are "1 up," it means you have won one more hole than your opponent. For example, if you win the very first hole of the match, you immediately become "1 up."
• 2 Up, 3 Up, etc.: The number simply indicates the size of your lead. If you win the first two holes, the announcer would say you are "2 up." If you then lose the third hole but win the fourth and fifth, your lead would be back up to "3 up" at one point. (Win +1, Win +1, Lose -1, Win +1, Win +1 = 3 up).
• 1 Down, 2 Down, etc.: This is the flip side of the coin. If your opponent is "1 up" on you, then from your perspective, you are "1 down." You'll hear both terms used depending on whose score is being reported.
• All Square (A/S): This means the match is tied. Nobody is leading. This is the score at the very start of the match and can be returned to at any point. For instance, if you are "1 up" and your opponent wins the next hole, the match goes back to "All Square." On a physical scorecard, this is often abbreviated as "A/S".
• Halved Hole: This is what you call a tied hole. If both you and your opponent score a 4 on a par-4, the hole is "halved." No one wins a point, and the overall score of the match does not change. If you were "2 up" going into the hole, and you halve it, you remain "2 up" heading to the next tee.

Example Walkthrough of a Match

Seeing how the score changes hole-by-hole makes it all click. Let’s imagine a short, five-hole match between you and a friend.

• Hole 1 (Par 4): You both step up to the tee All Square. You hit a great drive and make par (4). Your opponent struggles and makes a bogey (5). You won the hole!
  Score: You are 1 Up.
• Hole 2 (Par 3): Now standing on the second tee, you hold a 1-hole lead. It's a tricky little par 3. You both hit the green and two-putt for par (3). The hole is halved.
  Score: Stays the same. You remain 1 Up.
• Hole 3 (Par 5): Eager to catch up, your friend hits a perfect drive. You, on the other hand, slice your tee shot into the trees and end up with a double-bogey (7). Your friend easily makes par (5) and wins the hole.
  Score: Your lead is gone. The match is now All Square.
• Hole 4 (Par 4): With the match tied, the pressure is on. You respond beautifully, carding a birdie (3). Your friend can only manage a par (4). You win another hole.
  Score: You're back in the lead. You are 1 Up.

As you can see, it's a back-and-forth affair where the momentum can shift on any swing.

Winning the Match: Dormie and Other Closing Scenarios

Unlike stroke play, a match play contest doesn't always last for 18 holes. The match is over as soon as one player has a lead that the other cannot mathematically overcome.

Let's say after playing the 15th hole, you are 4 up. With only three holes remaining (16, 17, 18), your opponent cannot possibly win. They could win all three remaining holes, but you'd still be 1 up. In this scenario, the match ends right there on the 15th green. The final score is recorded as "4 and 3," meaning you were 4 up with 3 holes left to play.

Another classic final score is "1 up." This means the match went the full 18 holes, and the winning player finished with a one-hole advantage.

What Does "Dormie" Mean?

This is a an exciting and often pivotal term in match play. A player is "dormie" when their lead is the exact same as the number of holes left to play. For example, if you are 3 up with only 3 holes remaining, you are "dormie 3."

This means you are guaranteed to, at worst, tie the match. Your opponent must win every single remaining hole just to tie you. As the player with the dormie advantage, you only need to halve one more hole to win the entire match. It creates a high-pressure situation where the trailing player has to be aggressive and hope for a miracle, while the leader just needs to play steady golf.

Strategy Session: How to Approach Match Play Differently

Because the format is so different, the strategy changes completely. This is where you can use the structure of match play to your advantage, especially from a mental standpoint.

1. Forget the Bad Holes Instantly

This is the greatest gift of match play. In stroke play, a huge score like a 9 or 10 can feel soul-crushing and destroy your round. In match play, a 9 on a hole has the exact same result as a 5 if your opponent made a 4: you lose one hole. That’s it. You can have a complete meltdown on a hole, gather yourself on the walk to the next tee, and start a brand new, even contest. This mental freedom encourages more aggressive, go-for-broke shots at times.

2. Play Your Opponent, Not Just the Course

Your opponent’s situation directly influences your own strategy.

• Let's say you're on a risky par-5. Your opponent hits their second shot into a water hazard. In stroke play, you might still try to go for the green. In match play, the smart play is to do the opposite. Play it ultra-safe: lay up, hit a little wedge onto the green, and two-putt for par. You have a very high chance of winning the hole with simple, low-risk golf.
• Conversely, if your opponent hits a brilliant shot right next to the pin, you know a simple layup won't be good enough to win or halve the hole. This is your cue to take on more risk and try to match them with an aggressive shot of your own.

3. The Art of the Conceded Putt

In match play, you can "concede" a putt to your opponent at any time, typically when it's very short. By saying "that's good," you are gifting them their next stroke, and they can pick up their ball. While often a gesture of good sportsmanship, it's also a powerful strategic tool. You might give your opponent every 2-foot putt on the front nine. But on the 17th hole, with the match on the line, suddenly you don't say a word. Making them putt that same 2-footer under intense pressure can be enough to make them miss. It’s a part of the mental game unique to match play.

Final Thoughts

Understanding "1 up" is the entry point to match play, a fun and engaging format where you compete directly against an opponent on a hole-by-hole basis. It shifts the primary focus from your total score to head-to-head strategy, making every hole feel like a new battle and allowing a mental reset after every green.

While tracking the score is simple, mastering match play strategy is what separates good tactical players from the rest. Deciding a game plan for a hole based on your opponent's play is a demanding task. This is where we designed Caddie AI to give you a strategic advantage. When you're standing on the tee unsure how aggressive to be, or staring at a tough lie, you can get instant, on-course advice to help you make smarter decisions. It lets you play with the confidence of having a pro's opinion in your pocket, helping you navigate the unique challenges of every shot.