What Do 5 and 3 Mean in Golf?

If you've ever watched a pro golf tournament and heard the announcer declare a winner by a score of 5 and 3, you might have been left scratching your head. This phrase comes directly from one of golf's most exciting formats, match play, and it’s a scoring system that turns every round into a head-to-head battle. This guide will walk you through exactly what 5 and 3 means, how match play works, and the strategies you can use to dominate your next one-on-one game.

Match Play vs. Stroke Play: The Two Sides of Golf Scoring

Before we can understand the score, we first need to understand the game. Most of the golf we see and play is stroke play. The goal is simple: add up every single shot you take over 18 holes. The person with the lowest total score at the end is the winner. Every single stroke counts, and one disastrous hole can completely ruin your scorecard.

Match play is entirely different. Instead of competing against the entire field for the lowest total score, you are competing against a single opponent, one hole at a time. Each hole is its own self-contained contest. You’re not trying to tally a low score for the round, you’re simply trying to win more individual holes than your opponent does.

Think of it this way:

• Stroke Play is like a marathon. Your final time is all that matters, and a slow mile early on affects your total time at the end.
• Match Play is like a 12-round boxing match. You win by winning more rounds (holes) than your opponent. Even if you get knocked down in one round, you can get back up and win the next, and the early loss is wiped from the scoreboard.

This fundamental difference completely changes the psychology and strategy of the game, making it a thrilling and aggressive format often used in prestigious events like the Ryder Cup and the WGC-Dell Technologies Match Play.

How Winning and Losing Holes Works: The Language of Match Play

In match play, the score isn’t recorded as strokes under or over par. Instead, it’s tracked based on who is leading the match. The status of the match is described using three core terms: "Up," "Down," and "All Square."

Let's walk through an example to see how it works:

The Running Tally

1. Hole 1: You make a par (4), and your opponent makes a bogey (5). You won the hole! The scoreboard now says you are “1 Up.”
2. Hole 2: You both make par. The hole is "halved" (tied). Nothing changes on the scoreboard. You remain “1 Up.”
3. Hole 3: Your opponent makes a brilliant birdie, and you make par. They won the hole. They’ve now pulled even with you. The match is now “All Square” (often abbreviated as "A/S").
4. Hole 4: You make a great birdie yourself, and your opponent makes par. You win the hole and retake the lead. You are back to being “1 Up.”
5. Hole 5: You win this hole, too! Because you were already "1 Up," you now extend your lead. You are now “2 Up.”

The match continues like this, with the score constantly shifting based on who wins each individual hole. From your perspective, you will either be "Up" a certain number of holes, "Down" a certain number, or "All Square."

The Final Score: Understanding "5 and 3" and Other Match Play Results

So, where does a score like "5 and 3" come from? A match play contest doesn't always go the full 18 holes. The match ends as soon as one player has built such a big lead that it's mathematically impossible for the other to catch up.

Let's look at our target example: 5 and 3.

• The first number (5) tells you how many holes the winner was up by.
• The second number (3) tells you how many holes were left to play when the match ended.

So, a result of "5 and 3" literally means the winner was 5 holes up with only 3 holes left to play. The match is over at that point because even if the losing player won every remaining hole, they could only win 3, which is not enough to overcome the 5-hole deficit. This particular match ended on the 15th green (18 holes minus the 3 left to play = 15).

Other Common Match Play Final Scores:

• 2 and 1: The winner was 2 holes up with 1 hole left. The match finished after the 17th hole was completed.
• 3 and 2: The winner was 3 holes up with 2 holes left. The match was decided on the 16th green.
• 1 Up: This means the match went the full distance. The final hole was played, and the winner finished ahead by a single hole.
• 7 and 6: A dominant performance! The winner was 7 holes ahead with only 6 to play. The clapping and handshakes happened on the 12th green.

Strategy Session: How to Win Your Next Match

Match play is a mind game as much as it is a physical one. Since big numbers don’t carry over, your strategy can be far more aggressive and flexible than in stroke play. Here’s a coach’s perspective on how to approach your next match.

1. Play Your Own Game, Not Your Opponent’s

It’s tempting to react to everything your opponent does. They blast a 320-yard drive down the middle, and you suddenly feel like you should do the same, even if that’s not your strength. This is a trap. If your strength is hitting steady fairways and greens, stick to it. Let them have their one great drive. Your steady par will beat their risky shot that finds trouble more often than not. Winning in match play is about consistency, not about matching every "hero shot" they hit.

2. Embrace the "Bad Hole" Reset

This is the most powerful mental tool in match play. Let’s say you’re on a par 4. You hit your tee shot out of bounds, duff the next one, find a bunker, and walk off the green with a disastrous 9. In stroke play, your day might feel over. The frustration would be immense. In match play? You just lost one hole. That’s it. You move to the next tee, and the score just says "1 Down." Nothing more. You have a fresh start on the very next hole. Learn to view each tee box as a hard reset. What happened on the last hole is history.

3. Think Like a Commander: When to Attack, When to Defend

Your strategy should be fluid and based on what your opponent does.

• Opponent is in Jail: Did they just hit their tee shot into the lake? This is not the time for you to be a hero and attack a tucked pin. Your goal has shifted from "make a birdie" to "don't mess up." Play for the middle of the fairway, the center of the green, and secure your par. A simple, safe-play par is almost a guaranteed win for the hole.
• You Are in Trouble: Let's flip it. You’re in the trees, and your opponent is perfectly in the fairway. You have to assume they will make par. This situations calls for a more aggressive recovery shot, because a simple "punch out sideways" will likely just postpone your loss of the hole. You might need to try to get back in position to save par.
• Late in the Match and Trailing: If you're 2 down with 3 holes to play, playing for a safe par might not be enough. This is when you have to start taking calculated risks - hitting driver on a tight hole, going for a par-5 in two, or aiming directly at the flag. You have to force the action to have a chance.

4. The Subtle Art of the Concession

In match play, you can "concede" a putt to your opponent, meaning you gift them the shot and allow them to pick up their ball. It’s considered good sportsmanship to concede very short, "tap-in" putts to speed up play. But it’s also a tool.

• Apply Pressure: Making an opponent putt a tricky 3-footer that they’d normally expect to be given can put them under serious mental pressure. A miss can rattle them.
• Don't Show Your Hand: If your opponent has a 10-foot putt to win the hole and you have a 3-footer for the tie, an opponent might concede your short putt right away. They do this so you don't putt first and show them the line. Understanding these little head games is part of the fun.

5. Understanding and Using "Dormie"

There's a special term for when the match reaches a critical point: dormie. A player is "dormie" when their lead is equal to the number of holes remaining. For example, if you are 3 Up with only 3 holes left to play, you are "dormie 3." To win, you just need to tie one of the remaining holes. For the player who is down, the pressure is immense - they must win every single remaining hole just to tie the match and force extra holes. Playing smart golf when you are dormie and closing out a match is a skill in itself.

Final Thoughts

At its heart, a score like "5 and 3" simply captures the story of a one-on-one match play contest where a player built an insurmountable lead. It’s a dynamic and strategic way to compete, turning every hole into its own unique battle that prizes clever thinking and bold shots over just grinding out a low total score.

Match play is a chess match on grass, and a huge part of winning is making the right strategic move at the right time. When you’re stuck between clubs or facing a tricky lie wondering whether to attack the pin or play it safe, having a smart caddie in your corner is a game-changer. I built Caddie AI to be that on-demand golf expert for you, analyzing your specific situation and giving you a clear recommendation so you can execute every shot with full confidence.