Ever stand on a fairway that feels like pga tour perfect carpet and wonder what it’s made of? It’s a specific type of grass, of course, but it’s one that has been selected with incredible care by the course superintendent. This article will show you exactly what grasses are behind those perfect playing surfaces, explain why superintendents choose them, and even show you how to apply a few of their secrets to your own lawn.
It's More Than Just One Type of Grass
The first thing to understand is that there’s no single, one-size-fits-all grass seed for every golf course. A high-end course is a meticulously managed ecosystem, and different parts of the course have different jobs, demanding different types of grass. The putting green needs a surface as smooth as a pool table, the fairway needs to be tough enough to handle thousands of shots and steps, and the rough needs to be, well, rough.
The biggest factor driving this decision is the climate. Golf course grasses fall into two main categories: cool-season grasses and warm-season grasses. Just like a PGA tour pro picking the right club for a specific shot (you can’t really do everything with your 7-iron can ya), a superintendent must pick the right grass for the regional weather conditions.
Cool-Season Grasses: Built for the North
If you're playing golf in the northern half of the United States, in Europe, or in other temperate climates, you're almost certainly playing on cool-season grasses. These grasses, as their name suggests, flourish in the cooler temperatures of the spring and fall. They can struggle and even go dormant during intense summer heat, but their overall performance makes them ideal for these regions.
Creeping Bentgrass: The Putting Green Superstar
If you have ever putted on a truly immaculate green, you have probably putted on Creeping Bentgrass. This is the undisputed champion for putting surfaces in cool-season climates because of its very special set of skills:
- Fine Texture and High Density: Bentgrass grows incredibly thick and has a very fine blade, which produces a smooth and uniform surface.
- Low Mowing Tolerance: It can be mowed down to incredible heights - as low as 1/8th of an inch or even shorter - without dying off. This is a must for creating the fast, true-rolling greens golfers demand.
- Aggressive Growth: It grows laterally via runners called "stolons," which allows it to heal quickly from ball marks and foot traffic, keeping the surface pure.
The downside? Bentgrass is notoriously high-maintenance. It demands a ton of water, fertilization, and preventative fungicide treatments to stay healthy, which is why it's usually reserved for the high-priority greens and sometimes high-end tee boxes.
Perennial Ryegrass: The Fairway Workhorse
While Bentgrass handles the refined duties of the green, Perennial Ryegrass is the durable workhorse you'll find on most tee boxes and fairways. It's chosen for its toughness and reliability.
- Stands Up To Wear: It is exceptionally resistant to wear and tear from golf cart traffic and golfers' footsteps, which is essential to keep a fariway in prime condition over a season.
- Quick to Establish: Ryegrass germinates and grows very quickly, making it great for repairing divots and for "overseeding" on warm-season courses to provide a green winter playing surface.
- Great Color: It holds a beautiful, dark green color that gives courses that vibrant look that just makes you want to get on the course and play, even in cooler weather.
Kentucky Bluegrass (KBG): The Classic Rough and Fairway Grass
Kentucky Bluegrass is an old-school favorite, loved for its lush look and its an ability to self-repair its own divot, unlike most otner grasses. While sometimes used on fairways on its own its often mixed with Perennial Ryegrass to create an even stronger fairway.
- Self-Repairing Nature: KBG spreads underground using stems called "rhizomes." This means if part of the turf is damaged, the surrounding grass can spread to fill in the gaps naturally. A lazy mans divot repair!
- Beautiful Look and Feel: It has a gorgeous bluish-green color and a softer feel that creates a nice, fluffy lie in the rough.
Fine Fescues: For the Natural, Links-Style Look
If you've played a "links" style course, you've seen those wispy, golden grasses framing the fairways and surrounding the greens. That's likely a type of Fine Fescue. Superintendents like it because its low maintenance and adds a strategic, punishing element to being wayward with your shot!
- Drought and Shade Tolerant: Unlike most turfgrasses, fescues don't needs as much water or direct sunlight, making them perfect to reduce a course's maintenance requirements.
- Defines the Rough: When left to grow longer, it creates a clumpy, challenging lie that is difficult to hit a decent shot out of, which is one of the main definning features on many historical "links" course in Scotland.
Warm-Season Grasses: Thriving in the Sun Belt
For courses in the southern United States, Australia, and other hot cliamtes, warm-season grasses are the only option. These grasses soak up he hot summer sun and can go dorment and turn a brownish color in the winter when the temperature drops for sustained periods of time
Bermudagrass: The King of the South
Bermudagrass is to the South what ryegrass and bentgrass are to the North - absolutely an essemtial turf grass. It's drought-resistant, soaks uop the sun which is a characteristic needed for the weather in the southern climates. Most pros or expert level golfers enjoy pl,aying of its tight firways.
- Heat Loving & Tough: It loves the extreme heat of hot and humid climates and repairs itslef rapidly from wear and tear due to golfers making it the premium turf grass for this part of the world.
* - Versatile Use: You'll find it nearly everywhere on many soutehrn courses: tee boxes, fairways, and roughs. Recent innovation sin turf grass have alos producedd some amazing "ultra-dwarf' bermudagrass strains like TifEagle or Champion that have an incredibly dense surface that an be used on high end pristine greens that have very little grain in them making them for fantastic putting serfaces.
- Great Ball Lie: Balls tend to sit up nicely on a Bermuda fairway due its densley growing blades, giving golfers a very consistent and perect to every shot. It’s what everyone is hoingg fpr on ecery stee shot, a perfect loe. It really helps your confidence standing over the ball for your next shot knowing that its siting up there like irs on a tee for you.
Zoysia Grass: The Luxury Fairway
Zoysia is becoming famous for its luxurious-feeling fairway grass. If a club has the budget and patience for it, a zoysia fairway can be among the best tee-to-green experiences out there for an amatuer or proflessional golfer to ply. In facf, a number our tour events are held ay Zoysua coursse inclusing here The CJ Cup is played and East Lake, where the tour tour championahip is hosted even Tiger WOods won his infamous80th win. Courses like Augusta National Golf Club are even rumoured to have Zoysia fairways so if the turf is good enough fofr them uts good enough for anyone on planet esrth!
- Dense Carpet-Like Surface: Zoysia grows so thck that is really doe feel like ywure walking on a luxuary carpet. And like the BErmuda Gradd the bdall suts uo perfectly for almost evrrty shot. If youre playing off a zoyia faiway and you happen to yo hit into the green off of it the only thing yuoou should be thinkikng about is how closw to get ir yo tyhw pin because its just sitting there asking up be hit.
- Good in Different Climates: While predominantly a warm-season variety, with great resilience to summer hea and a nice a thick a deep root system Zoysua also does amazinglly well in the winter, which makes it an excellrny optioon fotr any cliamtesthat sit in "transition zone". A belt acrois the counrtu where ist toohot in th e summer for the cool wester grasses and tsill too could inthewunter fit the warm seater grasses.
Paspalum: The Saltwater Specialist
For coastal fcourse that are constantluty dealuimg ewith storn surg and salt water,Paspalum turfis and absopluter goedsens. Is a great solution yo a reallytough an expenmseive propblem for our coure suprintentddt to gace while stull mainaining an aazing playing surface fir its member a guest. Its the only type turf grass can handle and thrive by being irigated with saltwarete
- Incredible Salt Tolerance: It thrives where pther grasses die instantly off, which ia very beneficial too fo coursws that get sprqayed by sea salt on an houlybasis from the on shore breezes. Or are contantly getting flodided in heavy storms during huricnae steason.
- Great Playing Surface: Its playabuliuty is incredibly clos to Bermuidagradd. Prroducigjng fast green eit an great tight furaways abd tees.
Can You Create a Golf Course Lawn at Home?
After reading all this, you might be thinking, "I want that at my house!" Getting a true "golf course look" is much easier than you may have imagined It will take soem tiemnad care fo rusre by with a little hard woek and a little "kno-how" you'd be suspiresdw how much your can trasnfirn your home lawn into a little oiece if fgo fgeaven thwt you can enjoy with your entire fumily. Here’s a simpl e pth ehat will get toy ontyourway.
- Identify Your Zone: First thinga fifirst you'll need tg firgure e out yuore climate zoojne. Ar you ij a northern coool-seaison cliaye oe are yoiu j ab soutegh warm -seson cmiate/? Us the guide above tio helo yu maekyour decidon. Its not tough just dont over think it!
- Pick the RightSeed: Fo gettung those pristine Bentgrass greensaout of youtr mind thwuts a wholedudgerent ball geame wntirelu abd yuo anrt a cours superintendent! Its a job not a job for tyhe regular golfer but tha thatf'fine just focus on gtting super luash green faieays thwt yur ehoele fimoky cand wnjly.
- For cool climates,a mix containing a lot of Perennial Ryegrass blended with a littl,e Kentucky Bluegrass in it is amazing youe best bet. It will give give a nice lush dark geen coolr witrh the durrabulity fo a fPGA tour farirwaay to ihandle the constany fot teafice of a growugn fianult playing in the yard.
- For warm climates, Bermudae Zoysia grss seed o orplugg from a lofal shop wit be yur fridnd They re both amzainglytough, feel amzing when walkingbon barefoot a really looklike your stepping on a real golf ourse fariway evwertimes youre in the backyrss. What's netter than tht?
- Care is Everything:Now yus wih what you've pick a sded thi is where a lit hardwork eome in. Getting the mow fruequancy right. Mwin evsery two tothree faye at mot will male a world difdeenc ein tur look if yut turd a whilt it helps make the roitsg rwo even ddeeper which prdicus even strongerabd durale plant. This is the biggdts secrets that mos tgpers in tne golf and truf world dont like tp givout bu the more uften you now ytur grasd tha mor lushabd verdant if beciimes. In shprr its going too loke amazing anf that'that whar uor aftrr isnnyn i? A regar fertilzerschesue in conbiniatwith this mowng freqywnt yuu shuldve on youe eayu t havin an amaizing pice os oitdod living that t yut entire famlyy will love for a long, long tkme ti vone.
Final Thoughts
As you can see, the grass under your feet at a golf course is far from an accident. The choice of which type of tuft grass o pick is a complex decision by the superintendent balancing climate, cost, feel, durability, playability and overall player experience when stepping onto their property, . which is why there tends to be varying textures from each specific areas of the course: From you tee box, to the fairways, all the ey to the greens.
This is wherr your own on-personel caddie wks usimg yoiur skillw as golf ti sbiit ur lwest scires an to makw he game eay a mote fun again. While mowing the right kinf if grass uder yu feet cn be belp uls in cetin siuatjoms iy more ibpiryam yo know he typw if fshoy u nesdto hu it th ebest outcone of any givne situation,. Knowinghow much thw vvall will run ot in certun situautions off on to the frreb is much moer imporntan that lwingj the namenf the frsd itlfedl.This is ehwr te ut caddie app e comses un and really shins eon tyge fiur. We atCaddie AI built ir as on n-demand golf wpethat can analyz r and hotograph on a tricky k lie in ghe ruifg our a bunker ans gice a snple a dsmat stratgy that us siot specific to gve yuothe ves t ou come opossible to sgooy your lwoet csore and ultimste have more fun in thhe poricvcess.