There’s nothing more frustrating in golf than a swing that feels powerful, only to watch a huge patch of grass fly farther than your ball. This is the dreaded fat shot, a type of mishit that plagues golfers of all skill levels, turning potential pars into deflating double bogeys. In this guide, we’ll get straight to the point, breaking down exactly why you’re hitting the ground before the ball and giving you simple, actionable drills and advice to fix it for good. We'll cover the fundamental causes, from setup mistakes to problems with weight transfer, and put you on the path to making that crisp, ball-first contact you’re chasing.
Before we jump into specific fixes, it's helpful to understand the single reason any "fat" shot happens: the low point of your swing is in the wrong place. Imagine your golf swing as a giant circle, with the clubhead swinging down, reaching the bottom of its arc, and then swinging back up. For a solid iron shot, the bottom of that circle - the low point - needs to happen a few inches in front of the golf ball. This allows the club to strike the ball first with a descending blow, and then a clean divot from the turf afterward.
When you hit behind the ball, your swing's low point has occurred too early. The club hits the ground first, digging into the turf and losing almost all its energy before it even reaches the ball. The result is a weak shot that goes nowhere. Every single cause of a fat shot - from a reverse pivot to standing too far away - is simply a different path to the same outcome: your swing is bottoming out too soon.
The great news is that once you understand this concept, fixing it becomes much simpler. Our entire goal is to make small adjustments that shift the low point of your swing forward, so it occurs just past the ball. Let’s look at the most frequent reasons your low point is off and how to correct them.
Hitting fat shots is rarely due to one big, isolated mistake. Often, it's a combination of small factors. Let's look at the most common culprits and the practical fixes for each.
One of the easiest things to overlook is where the ball is in relation to your feet. It has a massive influence on where your swing will naturally bottom out. Many golfers, particularly those trying to get the ball in the air, place their iron shots too far forward in their stance, almost like they would with a driver. When the ball is too far forward, your club has a very long way to travel before it gets there, making it incredibly likely to hit the ground first.
For most of your iron shots, from a pitching wedge up to an 8-iron, the ball should be positioned directly in the middle of your stance. A simple checkpoint is to stand with your feet together, place the ball in line with the center of your feet, and then take an equal step with each foot to your stock stance width. For your mid-irons (7-iron to 5-iron), the position moves just slightly forward of center - perhaps a ball's width - and for your long irons and hybrids, another ball's width forward. But for most situations on the course, defaulting to the absolute middle of your stance is a fantastic starting point for consistency.
This is probably the most widespread reason amateur golfers chunk the ball. They make a good backswing, but as they start their downswing, their weight hangs back on their trail foot instead of shifting toward the target. Think about it: if your weight is back, your body's center of gravity is back. If your center is back, the low point of your swing will also be back, leading to a fat shot.
The correct downswing sequence starts from the ground up with a clear shift of pressure into your lead foot. Before your arms and hands even start to come down, you should feel your lead hip begin to turn and your weight move onto your front leg. This forward movement pulls the low point of your swing in front of the ball, virtually guaranteeing you'll hit the ball first.
"Casting," or "throwing the club from the top," refers to unhinging your wrists way too early in the downswing. At the top of your swing, you’ve created an angle between your lead arm and the golf club. Good ball strikers maintain this angle for as long as possible on the way down, releasing it only as they approach the ball. A "cast" happens when you try to hit the ball with your hands and arms from the top. This early releaseof energy widens the swing arc too soon, causing the clubhead to reach the ground behind the ball.
The feeling you want is one of passive arms. The downswing should be initiated by your lower body's rotation and weight shift. This body rotation will naturally pull your arms and the club down into the correct slot. Instead of trying to hit the ball with your hands, feel like your hands are simply going for a ride as your body turns toward the target. The mental picture is one where you lead the clubhead into the ball with your hands, not throw the clubhead at the ball.
Simply place a towel, a headcover, or another golf ball on the ground about two feet behind your real ball. From your perspective, it should be on your swing line. Take your swing. If you are casting the club, you will almost certainly hit the object on the ground behind you as your swing arc becomes too wide, too early. The goal is to make a full swing, initiated with your lower body, that easily misses the object on the way down.
If you're heading to the driving range and only have time for one drill to fix your fat shots, make it this one. It's incredibly effective because it provides immediate, non-negotiable feedback and forces you to subconsciously incorporate many of the fixes we've discussed.
That’s it. If your swing is bottoming out too early, you'll hit the towel with a very noticeable "thump." The anxiety of hitting the towel immediately forces your brain to recalibrate. To avoid it, you'll naturally shift your weight forward, maintain your wrist angles a bit longer, and create a steeper angle of attack into the ball - all ingredients for that crisp, ball-first contact. Start with small, easy swings and work your way up to full speed as you consistently miss the towel.
Hitting behind the golf ball is one of the game's most common and infuriating problems, but it’s always rooted in one thing: the low point of your swing is behind the ball. By focusing on a centered ball position, a proper weight shift to your lead side, and letting your body - not your arms - power the downswing, you can effectively move that low point forward and start taking divots after the ball.
Figuring out swing faults on your own can still be a challenge. We built Caddie AI to act as a personal coach right in your pocket. If you're struggling on the range, you can ask for simple drills to fix your fat shots, getting an expert answer instantly. More importantly, when a fat shot leaves you in a tough spot on the course, you can take a photo of your lie, and our AI will analyze the situation and recommend the smartest way to recover. It's designed to take the guesswork out of fixing your swing and managing your game, letting you play with more confidence and enjoy your golf more.
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