Walking toward that giant wall of sparkling new wedges can feel like trying to solve a puzzle with a thousand a pieces. With all the numbers, letters, and labels, it's easy to get overwhelmed and just grab something that looks good. But building a wedge setup that actually helps you score is much simpler than it seems. It's about understanding a few core ideas - loft, bounce, and grind - and using them to fill specific distance gaps in your bag. This guide will coach you through everything you need to know to confidently select the right wedges for your game.
Your journey into the short game starts with understanding the different types of wedges. Most golfers carry a combination of these four clubs, each designed for a specific job on the course.
The Pitching Wedge is the direct continuation of your iron set. It has the least amount of loft among the wedges (typically 43 to 47 degrees) and is primarily used for full swings on approach shots, usually from 100 to 125 yards for most amateur players. It’s also a reliable club for longer chip shots where you want the ball to run out more and roll towards the hole. Think of it as your 10-iron.
This wedge was literally created to fill the "gap" in loft and distance that emerged between modern, strong-lofted Pitching Wedges and traditional Sand Wedges. With a loft between 48 and 53 degrees, the Gap Wedge is a versatile club for those in-between distances - the full shots that are too short for a PW but too long for an SW. It’s also fantastic for chips, pitches, and bunker shots where you need a bit more roll than a Sand Wedge provides.
The Sand Wedge is the classic scoring club, and not just for the sand. Its higher loft, usually from 54 to 57 degrees, makes it the go-to club for most greenside bunker shots. The design of its sole (which we’ll get into later) helps it glide through sand instead of digging in. Off the grass, it’s a powerhouse for pitching over hazards, stopping the ball quickly on the green, and hitting from the rough.
Sporting the most loft in the bag, from 58 to 64 degrees, the Lob Wedge is your specialty tool. It's designed to hit the ball very high and make it stop very fast. This is the club for hitting flop shots over a bunker to a tight pin, getting out of deep greenside rough when you have no green to work with, or playing from a treacherous downhill lie. While it can produce spectacular results, its steep loft also makes it less forgiving on mishits.
Once you know the wedge types, you need to dive into the technical specs. Don't worry, this isn't rocket science. Focusing on these three elements will give you a blueprint for building your perfect set.
The single most important factor in wedge selection is loft. It's the primary driver of how far and how high the ball will fly. The goal isn't just to pick individual lofts but to create a cohesive system. This is called "gapping."
Gapping means having consistent yardage intervals between each of your wedges. Ideally, you want a 10 to 15-yard difference between your PW, GW, SW, and LW on full shots. This eliminates those awkward "three-quarter" swings and allows you to make confident, full swings at every distance inside your scoring zone.
Here’s how to do it step-by-step:
Putting a little thought into your loft progression is a massive step towards better distance control and more confidence from 120 yards and in.
If loft is the most important spec, bounce is the most misunderstood. In simple terms, bounce is the angle between the ground and the leading edge of the wedge when the shaft is vertical. Think of it as the club's insurance policy against digging into the turf or sand.
The higher the bounce angle, the more the sole of the club will "bounce" or skid along the surface instead of digging in. The key is to match your wedge bounce to two things: your swing type and your typical course conditions.
You’ll find the bounce number stamped right next to the loft on the wedge head. Here’s a general guide:
Finally, we have grind. For many years, this was considered a "pros-only" feature, but modern wedges have made it accessible to everyone. Grind refers to the shaping and contour of the sole of the wedge, specifically the removal of material from the heel, toe, or trailing edge.
So, what does that actually do? Grind affects how the wedge interacts with the turf, especially when you manipulate the clubface.
Different grinds are like different tire treads - they’re designed for different conditions and purposes. While there are lots of proprietary names out there (Vokey’s F, S, M, D, K, and L grinds, for example), the concepts are universal.
Don't get too hung up on grinds initially. Your first priority should be loft gapping and getting the bounce right. But as you get more comfortable, choosing a grind that suits your shot-making style, especially in your higher-lofted wedges, can unlock a new level of creativity around the greens.
Ready to build your setup? Follow this simple checklist:
Selecting the right wedges isn’t about finding a single perfect club, but about building a cohesive set that arms you for any shot inside 120 yards. By taking a thoughtful approach to gapping your lofts and matching the bounce and grind to your swing and course, you can stop guessing and start playing with clarity and confidence.
Understanding these concepts is the first step, but applying them on the course, especially when you're under pressure, is where the real improvement happens. That's why we built Caddie AI. When you're facing a tough lie - ball sitting down in the rough, a tricky bunker shot, or a bare lie you're unsure how to play - you can use the app to take a photo of your situation, and get an instant, expert recommendation on the club to use and the best way to play the shot. It takes the guesswork out of those critical moments so you can commit to the swing with total confidence.
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