What Causes Pull Hooks in Golf?

Nothing brings a promising round to a screeching halt quite like a vicious pull hook. One moment you're standing over the ball feeling confident, and the next you're watching it start left of your target and curve even further away, deep into the trees, a water hazard, or out-of-bounds. It's a frustrating, power-sapping miss that feels impossible to control. This article will break down exactly what causes that destructive ball flight, from simple pre-swing mistakes to the most common swing flaw in golf, and give you practical steps and drills to finally straighten it out.

What is a Pull Hook? (And Why It’s So Destructive)

First, let’s get clear on what a pull hook actually is. For a right-handed golfer, it’s a shot that immediately starts to the left of the target line and then curves even more dramatically to the left in the air. This dreaded ball flight is the result of a double-whammy of errors happening at impact:

• The Pull (Start Direction): The ball’s initial starting line is dictated by your club’s swing path. A pull happens when your swing path travels from outside the target line to inside it - an “out-to-in” path. Think of it as cutting across the ball from right to left.
• The Hook (Curvature): The hook spin is caused by your clubface being closed relative to that out-to-in swing path. Even though the face might be square or even slightly open to the ultimate target, an aggressive hook means it's pointing significantly left of the direction your club is actually swinging.

Thiscombination is especially punishing because not only does it fly offline, but hooked shots also tend to be lower and run much farther upon landing. That means they find trouble fast and turn a manageable miss into a real scorecard wrecker.

The Pre-Swing Errors: How You Set Yourself Up for Failure

More often than not, the pull hook is bake d into your swing before you even start your backswing. Your setup determines a huge part of how you will move the club. Addressing these fundamentals is the foundation for a permanent fix, and it's much easier than trying to make complicated changes mid-swing.

The "Too Strong" Grip

Your grip is the steering wheel of the club, having the largest influence on where the clubface points. A "strong" grip is a common pull hook culprit. This doesn't mean you're squeezing the club too hard, it’s about the position of your hands on the handle. A strong grip is one where your top hand (left hand for righties) is rotated too far over to the right, and your bottom hand is tucked too far underneath the club.

A simple checkpoint is to look down at your top hand at address. Can you see three or even four knuckles? Is the "V" formed by your thumb and index finger pointing outside of your right shoulder? If so, your grip is likely too strong. This position naturally encourages your hands to over-rotate through impact, slamming the clubface shut and producing that nasty hook spin.

The Fix: We want a more neutral grip. Position your top hand so you can only see two to two-and-a-half knuckles. The "V" between your thumb and index finger should point up towards your right shoulder or ear. This places your hand in a much more passive position, allowing your body's rotation - not an aggressive hand action - to square the clubface at impact.

Faulty Aim and Alignment

This might sound backward, but many golfers develop a pull hook while trying to fix a slice. A classic scenario unfolds like this: A player who slices (ball curves right) starts aiming their body far to the left to compensate. To get the ball back to the target, they are forced to swing dramatically "over-the-top" which creates an out-to-in path. Eventually, they learn to shut the clubface to stop the slice, but they keep the out-to-in swing path. The result? The slice is gone, replaced by a powerful pull hook.

The Fix: Use alignment sticks. Place one stick on the ground pointing at your target, and another parallel to it, just outside your ball, to represent your body line (feet, hips, shoulders). Your body lines must be parallel to your target line, not pointing at the target itself. Committing to a square alignment removes the need to make in-swing compensations to re-route the club.

Incorrect Ball Position

Where the ball is in relation to your feet matters. A ball position that is too far forward in your stance (especially with irons) can lead to a pull hook. The golf swing moves on an arc. The farther forward the ball is placed, the more time the clubface has to rotate and close on the downswing. By the time it reaches a ball that is way up by your front foot, the face has already started closing down, sending the ball left.

The Fix: For your mid-irons (like an 8 or 9-iron), a good starting point is having the ball in the absolute middle of your stance, right underneath your chest. As you move to longer clubs, the ball gradually moves forward. For a driver, it should be off the inside of your lead heel. A neutral, centered ball position gives you the best chance to make contact when the clubface is perfectly square to its path.

The Main Swing Culprit: The "Over-the-Top" Move

While setup is critical, the defining motion that an pull-hooker makes is an "over-the-top" swing. This is the ultimate cause of that out-to-in swing path. It's an issue of an improper sequence starting the downswing.

An ideal downswing starts from the ground up: the lower body shifts slightly toward the target and begins to rotate, which then pulls the torso, arms, and finally the club down from the inside. This creates an "in-to-out" path that promotes a straight shot or a gentle draw.

The "over-the-top" swing reverses this sequence. Instead of being led by the lower body, the downswing is initiated by an aggressive movement from the upper body. The right shoulder, right arm, and hands push the club *outward*, away from the body and "over" the proper swing plane. From this position, the only way to hit the ball is to cut across it, creating the pull path. When combined with a clubface that's closed to that path from one of the setup errors above, you get the destructive pull hook.

What Triggers This Move?

1. A Stalled Lower Body: The biggest reason for throwing the club over the top is a lower body that stops rotating. If your hips don't turn and clear out of the way on the downswing, your arms and hands get trapped behind you. They have no space to swing down from the inside, so their only option is to heave the club outward and over the top. The feeling should be one of "unwinding" your body through the shot, not stopping and letting the arms take over.
2. A Rush From the Top: Most amateurs are desperate for power and believe it comes from the arms. This leads to a rushed transition where they try to hit the ball a s hard as possible from the top of the swing with their hands and arms. This upper-body-dominant move almost guarantees an over-the-top path. Power comes from sequencing and rotation, not forced effort from the arms.

Simple Drills to Get Your Swing Back on Plane

Understanding the theory is great, but you need to feel the correct motion. Here are some simple drills you can do at the driving range to eliminate your pull hook.

Drill #1: The Inside Approach Gate

This drill trains you to attack the ball from the inside.

• Place your golf ball as normal.
• Place a headcover, a water bottle, or another golf ball about 6 inches outside and 6 inches behind your ball. This creates an obstacle on your out-to-in path.
• Your goal is to hit the golf ball without touching the obstacle. The only way to succeed is to drop the club down on a path from the inside. Start with slow, half-swings to get the feel, and gradually build up to full speed.

Drill #2: Feel the Rotation with Feet Together

This drill negates your ability to lunge at the ball with your upper body and forces you to use rotation.

• Set up to the ball but with your feet touching each other.
• From this narrow base, make smooth, 75% effort swings.
• You'll notice that to hit the ball solidly and maintain balance, you have to rotate your chest and hips aggressively through impact.Any kind of over-the-top lunge will cause you to lose your balance immediately. This develops the feeling of your body engine powering the swing.

Drill #3: The Finish Position Focus

A good finish position is usually the result of a good downswing sequence.

• After you hit your shot, hold your finish until the ball lands.
• Check your position: Is at least 90% of your weight on your front foot? Is y our belt buckle and chest facing the target? Is your back heel completely off the ground and pointy to the sky?
• If you find yourself falling backward or stuck on your back foot, it's a sure sign your sequence was off. Consciously trying to achieve a full, balanced finish will encourage your body to continue rotating through the shot instead of stalling out.

Final Thoughts

Fixing a pull hook is a two-step process. First, address your fundamentals - your grip, aim, and ball position - to ensure you aren't pre-setting the error. Second, commit to swinging from the inside by leading your downswing with your lower body and feeling your body rotate fully through to a balanced finish.

Breaking down a swing fault takes practice and patience, but sometimes a little on-demand guidance is the fastest way to get back on track. For instance, if you're standing on a tough dogleg-left that brings your pull hook to mind, you could ask Caddie AI for a smart strategy to play the hole, helping you avoid a big mistake. The app is there to give you instant, expert-level advice when you most need it, removing the guesswork so you can play with more confidence and clarity.