What Causes Pulled Golf Shots?

Watching your perfectly struck golf shot start left of the target and stay there is one of the most frustrating experiences in golf. It feels like a good swing that produced a bad result, leading to confusion and doubt on the very next tee box. This guide will get straight to the root causes of that pulled golf shot. We’ll look at the common setup mistakes and swing flaws that create it, and more importantly, provide you with clear, actionable drills to get your ball flying down the target line again.

Understanding the Pulled Shot: It’s All About Path

Before we can fix it, we need to understand exactly what a “pull” is. In simple terms, a pulled shot for a right-handed golfer is a ball that starts to the left of your intended target line and flies relatively straight on that incorrect line. It’s not a hook that curves dramatically from right to left, it’s a direct flight path, just in the wrong direction.

What causes this? It’s almost always the result of an out-to-in swing path. Imagine two lines: one is your target line, heading straight from the ball to the pin. The second is your swing path, which is the direction your clubhead is actually traveling as it strikes the ball. For a pull to occur, your swing path is cutting across the target line from the outside to the inside. Your clubface is square (or perpendicular) to this path at impact, which sends the ball flying straight along that crooked line.

The dreaded “over the top” move is the most common swing fault that creates an out-to-in path. The good news is, by fixing a few key areas in your setup and swing, you can reroute this path and get back to striping it at your target.

Cause #1: Alignment and Setup Flaws

Your golf swing doesn't start with the takeaway, it starts before you even move the club. Many pulls are born from how you stand to the golf ball. If your body isn’t aligned correctly, you will almost certainly make subconscious compensations in your swing that lead to an over-the-top move.

The "Aim Right and Pull Left" Trap

One of the most common setup faults is aiming your body to the right of the target. Golfers fighting a slice often do this instinctively, hoping to start the ball right and let it curve back. However, once you cure the slice, this old habit can linger. When you're aimed right, your brain knows the target is still to the left. To get the ball started on the correct line, you have no choice but to reroute the club over the top, swinging from out-to-in. You’re essentially pulling the ball back toward the target from a misaligned starting position.

The Fix: Use Alignment Sticks for True Aim

This is non-negotiable for fixing alignment issues. Lay one alignment stick on the ground pointing directly at your target. This is your ball-to-target line. Place a second alignment stick parallel to the first, just inside the ball, where your feet will go. Now, when you take your stance, your toes, knees, hips, and shoulders should all be parallel to this second stick. It might feel "open" or like you're aiming left at first, but stick with it. This is what proper alignment feels like.

Incorrect Ball Position

Ball position has a huge effect on your swing path. If the ball is too far back in your stance, especially with mid and long irons, a few things happen:

• Your backswing can become too steep and narrow as you feel crowded.
• From a steep backswing, the most natural move is an "over the top" downswing.
• You don’t have enough time for the club to naturally shallow out from the inside.

A good general rule is: For wedges and short irons (9-iron, PW), the ball should be in the center of your stance. For mid-irons (8-iron to 6-iron), it should be about a ball width or two forward of center. For long irons, hybrids, and fairway woods, it moves even further forward, with the driver being played off the instep of your lead foot. Check your ball position, moving it slightly more forward might give you the time and space needed to attack from the inside.

Cause #2: Backswing Errors

The path your club takes on the way back has a massive influence on the path it will take on the way down. A poor backswing is often the instigator of an over-the-top move.

The "Too Inside" Takeaway

It sounds counterintuitive, but pulling the clubhead drastically inside the target line at the start of your backswing is a primary cause of an out-to-in downswing. When the club gets sucked inside and behind your body too quickly, it feels stuck. From this trapped position at the top, the only way to get the club back to the ball with any power is to throw it "over the top," looping it outside the correct swing plane.

The Drill: One-Piece Takeaway

Feel like your arms, hands, and the clubhead move away from the ball together as one connected unit. Don't let your hands start rolling the clubface open and pulling the club inside. For the first few feet of the backswing, the clubhead should track straight back or even feel like it's staying slightly outside your hands. This creates width and puts you in a position to attack from the inside on the way down.

Lack of Body Rotation (All-Arms Swing)

Power comes from the a rotational action, NOT by lifting your arms. A classic mistake is to lift the arms up with very little turn from the shoulders and hips. If your arms do all the work in the backswing, your upper body will instinctively take over in the downswing to generate speed. What does this look like? An aggressive lunge from your right shoulder (for right-handers), which throws the club outside the target line and pulls it across the ball.

The Drill: Back to the Target

Set up without a club. Cross your arms over your chest, grabbing your shoulders. Now, simulate a backswing by turning your torso. Your goal is to get your lead shoulder under your chin and feel as though your back is facing the target. This ensures you've completed your body a rotation, storing a lot of power. When you've achieved a full rotation, you "unwind" naturally from the ground up, pulling the club down from the inside.

Cause #3: The Downswing Transition

This is where the magic - or the mistake - happens. The transition from the backswing to the downswing is fractions of a second, but it dictates your swing path. This is a critical point where you can fix your pulls for good.

The Dreaded "Over the Top" Move

As we’ve discussed, this is the #1 culprit. It's when the first move from the top of the backswing is an aggressive unwinding of the shoulders and a "throwing" motion of the hands and arms. This pushes the club far outside the ideal plane, forcing you to cut across the ball. This is often an unconscious move to create power, especially if you didn't rotate properly in the backswing.

The Drill: Drop it in "The Slot"

The feeling you want in the transition is a "dropping" or "shallowing" sensation, not a forward lunge. Here are a couple of ways to feel it:

• The Pump Drill: Take your normal backswing. From the top, start your downswing but only come down until the club shaft is parallel to the ground. As you do this, feel your right elbow getting closer to your Torso. Then go back to the top of the swing. Repeat this "pump" two or three times before finally swinging a full swing without stopping. This trains your body the feeling of shallowing the club insteadof pushing it forward.

The Ultimate Fix: The Headcover Gate Drill

This is one of the most effective drills to force an in-to-out swing path.

1. Take your normal address position.
2. Place an object, like a headcover or a spare golf glove, about a foot outside of your ball and two-or-three inches back from the ball - right in the middle of your out-to-in swing path. If you have on over-the-top motion, you'll hit the headcover every single time.
3. Your task is to swing and hit the golf ball without an up close and personal meeting with with the headcover. Go slow at first until your body is forced to swing through the "in-to-out" path because you dont have the space to swing down and-across the ball since your swing is blocked by the headcover. After a while, you wont even have top place the headover there since your swing will now natuarally and automatically swing in-to-out. You will retrain your mind and body to send swing the clab n down from the inside, which is the exact oposite of the over-the-top move that causes that pulled shor you so despeartely want to get rid off.

Final Thoughts

In a nutshell, that persistent pulled shot almost always traces back to an out-to-in swing path, triggered by common flaws from setup to downswing. Correcting your alignment, ensuring a full body turn, and training your transition to drop the club from the inside will not only eliminate the pull but also unlock more consistent and powerful ball striking.

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