How to Hit a Golf Ball Out of a Bunker

That sinking feeling as your ball sails toward a greenside bunker is familiar to every golfer. But it doesn't have to be a round-wrecker. Getting out of the sand consistently isn't about some secret technique, but rather a proper understanding of the shot and a few adjustments to your setup and swing. This guide will give you a clear, step-by-step plan to turn bunkers from a place of fear into a place of opportunity.

The Most Important Concept: You Don't Hit the Ball

Before we talk about stance, clubs, or swing, you need a mental shift. In a greenside bunker, your goal is to hit the sand, not the golf ball. Read that again. You are not trying to make crisp contact with the ball itself. Instead, you are going to use the club to splash a cushion of sand out of the bunker, and the ball is just going to ride that cushion of sand out onto the green.

Think of it like this: imagine trying to get a cherry out of a bowl of thick whipped cream with a spoon. You wouldn't try to precisely pick the cherry with the tip of the spoon. You’d scoop under it, taking a chunk of cream with you, and the cherry would just come along for the ride. The sand is the whipped cream, your sand wedge is the spoon, and the golf ball is the cherry. Once you embrace this concept - that you are hitting the sand - everything else starts to make sense.

Choosing Your Weapon: The Sand Wedge

There's a reason they a call it a sand wedge. This club is specifically designed for this exact shot. Its two most important features are its loft and its bounce.

• Loft: A typical sand wedge has around 56 degrees of loft. This high loft helps launch the ball up quickly so it can clear the lip of the bunker and land softly on the green.
• Bounce: This is the secret ingredient. Bounce is the angle on the sole (the bottom) of the clubhead. A higher bounce angle prevents the club’s leading edge from digging too deep into the sand. Instead of digging like a shovel, it "bounces" or glides through the sand, splashing it forward. This is what allows you to take that cushion of sand that carries the ball out.

While you might be tempted to use a pitching wedge or even a lob wedge, a standard sand wedge provides the best combination of loft and bounce for most greenside bunker shots.

The Setup: Building Your Foundation for Escape

Your setup for a bunker shot is very different from a standard shot on the grass. Every adjustment you make is designed to encourage the club to enter the sand behind the ball and glide underneath it. Let's build it from the ground up.

1. Wiggle Your Feet In

The first thing to do when you step into the sand is plant your feet firmly. Take a slightly wider than shoulder-width stance and gently twist your feet back and forth until they are dug about an inch into the sand. This accomplishes two things:

• It provides a very stable base on what is an unstable surface. You don’t want to be slipping during your swing.
• It lowers your body, effectively pre-setting a lower bottom for your swing arc. This naturally helps you swing down and under the ball.

2. Open Your Stance and Clubface

This is a big part of the equation. First, before you even take your grip, hold the club out in front of you and rotate the face so it's pointing to the right of your target (for a right-handed golfer). This is "opening the face." It exposes that all-important bounce on the sole of the club.

Once the face is open, then you take your normal grip. Do not take your grip and then twist your hands to open the face. That will just cause you to twist it back to square at impact. Open the face first, then grip the club.

Next, set your feet so that your body - your feet, hips, and shoulders - are aligned significantly left of the target. This "open stance" helps you swing along your body line, cutting across the ball and keeping the clubhead shallow as it moves through the sand. It also counteracts the open face, helping the ball start more towards the target.

3. Position the Ball Forward

With a normal iron shot, you might play the ball in the middle of your stance. For a greenside bunker shot, you want the ball positioned forward, around the inside of your lead heel (your left heel for a right-hander). This placement makes it much easier to have the bottom of your swing - your impact with the sand - happen a couple of inches behind the ball. This is exactly what you want.

4. Put the weight on your lead foot

Settle about 60-70% of your weight onto your front foot and keep it there throughout the swing. This encourages a steeper angle of attack into the sand, preventing you from leaning back and catching the ball thin. It's a key part of ensuring you hit down into the sand rather than trying to scoop the ball out.

The Swing: A Committed and Confident Motion

With a solid setup, the swing itself feels less complicated. The goal is power and commitment. The sand will provide all the resistance, so you need to swing with enough speed to power through it.

The Takeaway

Begin your backswing by hinging your wrists early. Feel as though you are picking the clubhead "up" more than taking it "back." This creates a steeper angle for your backswing, preparing you to swing down powerfully into the sand. Continue your shoulder turn to a full, or nearly full, backswing position. Many amateurs make the mistake of using a short, tentative backswing, you need enough length to generate speed.

The Downswing and Impact

This is the moment of truth. Your only thought here should be to splash the sand out of the bunker from a spot about two inches behind the ball. Pick a specific dimple on the back of the ball and draw an imaginary line two inches behind in the sand. That spot in the sand is your new target.

Start your downswing and be aggressive. The single biggest mistake golfers make in bunkers is decelerating into impact. They are scared of hitting the ball too far, so they slow down, the club digs, and the ball stays in the sand. You must accelerate the clubhead through the sand. Swing hard enough so that the club creates a loud "thump" as it hits the sand. That sound is your friend. It tells you that you’ve used enough force to get both the sand and the ball out.

The Follow-Through

Your commitment can be judged by your finish. Swing all the way to a full, balanced follow-through. Your hips and chest should be facing the target, and your weight should be fully on your lead foot. Even if the shot doesn't come out perfectly, practicing a full finish reinforces the feeling of aggression and commitment that you need for successful bunker play.

Common Bunker Faults at a Glance

• The Fault: Ball stays in the bunker.
  The Likely Cause: You decelerated. You were afraid of hitting it over the green.
  The Fix: Commit to hitting the sand hard and swing to a full finish. Trust that the sand will slow the club down.
• The Fault: Ball shoots out low and fast across the green.
  The Likely Cause: You hit the ball first instead of the sand. This happens from trying to "help" or "scoop" the ball up.
  The Fix: Focus on your a target two inches behind the ball. Keep your weight forward and hit down.
• The Fault: The club digs in deep and doesn't get the ball out.
  The Likely Cause: You didn't open the clubface enough, so the leading edge dug in instead of the bounce gliding through.
  The Fix: Remember to open the face first, then take your grip. This is a critical step.

Final Thoughts

Putting it all together, successful greenside bunker play comes down to a correct setup and a confident swing. By positioning the ball forward in your open stance, opening the clubface, and committing to an aggressive swing through the sand behind the ball, you give yourself the best possible chance for an easy escape every time.

Of course, not every bunker lie is perfect. Sometimes you're faced with plugged lies, wet sand, or a big upslope. When you’re standing over a tough shot and the textbook advice doesn't quite seem to fit the situation, getting a second opinion can be invaluable. This is where I can help, by taking a photo of your ball's lie, Caddie AI can analyze the unique challenge and give you a simple, custom strategy right on the spot to play the shot with confidence.