While you might hear golfers talk about the three major championships, the men's professional game actually features four pinnacle events each year. This common point of confusion is easy to make, but understanding all four is your ticket to truly appreciating the rhythm and soul of the golf season. This guide will walk you through each of these legendary tournaments, exploring what makes them unique, the history that defines them, and how you, as a fellow golfer, can watch them with a coach's eye.
So, What Are the Four Majors?
Before we break them down one by one, let's establish what a "major championship" really means. These aren't just any PGA Tour events with a big prize purse. The majors are the four most prestigious tournaments in professional golf, recognized and run by different governing bodies. Winning a major solidifies a player's place in history. Each one presents a different style of test, on a different type of course, at a different time of year. To win the career Grand Slam - all four majors - is the mark of a truly legendary, all-time great.
In the order they are now played, the four men's majors are:
- The Masters Tournament
- The PGA Championship
- The U.S. Open
- The Open Championship (often called the British Open in the U.S.)
1. The Masters Tournament: A Tradition Unlike Any Other
If you've ever dreamt of golf in its most pristine, picture-perfect form, you were probably thinking of the Masters. It's an event steeped in tradition and legendary moments, kicking off the major season in unforgettable style.
When & Where: The Rites of Spring
The Masters is an annual rite of spring, held in the first full week of April. What truly sets it apart is that it’s the only major played at the same golf course every single year: Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. This consistency has allowed fans and players to develop a deep intimacy with every hill, treetop, and treacherous green. The course itself is a character in the drama, famous for its blooming azaleas, towering pine trees, and immaculately manicured fairways that are almost impossibly green.
What Makes It Unique?
Beyond its permanent home, The Masters has several distinctive features that create its magical aura:
- It's an Invitational: Unlike the other majors, you can't just qualify for The Masters through an open system. It's an exclusive, invitation-only field. Players earn their spot by meeting specific criteria, like being a past champion (who gets a lifetime invitation), winning other recent majors or significant tournaments, or being ranked in the top 50 in the world.
- The Green Jacket: The winner doesn’t just get a trophy and prize money, they are awarded the iconic Green Jacket. The defending champion presents the jacket to the new winner in a time-honored ceremony, officially welcoming them into one of the most exclusive clubs in sport.
- Amen Corner: The stretch of holes 11, 12, and 13 is famously known as "Amen Corner." This dramatic sequence, featuring Rae's Creek and notoriously swirling winds, is where the tournament is often won or lost on Sunday afternoon.
How to Watch The Masters Like a Coach
From a strategic standpoint, Augusta National is all about precision and angles. As you watch, pay attention to the approach shots. The greens are wildly undulating and unbelievably fast. Players are almost never aiming directly at the flagstick, they're aiming for spots on the green, sometimes 20-30 feet away from the hole, that will allow them to use slopes to feed the ball close. Leaving an uphill putt is everything. Notice how a player's fortunes can change with one poorly judged shot that catches a slope and rolls into a collection area or, worse, into the water. It’s a masterclass in risk-reward and course management.
2. The PGA Championship: The Strongest Field
Often boasting the most difficult field to gain entry to, the PGA Championship is a pure test of all-around great golf. It moves around the country, challenging the world's best on some of America’s most demanding courses.
When & Where: A Traveling Test
The PGA Championship moved to its new spot on the calendar in May a few years ago, making it the second major of the season. Hosted by the PGA of America, it rotates venues each year, visiting legendary parkland courses across the United States. Think iconic layouts like Whistling Straits in Wisconsin, Kiawah Island in South Carolina, or Oak Hill in New York. This rotation means players can't rely on past knowledge of one course, they must adapt to a new set of challenges each year.
What Makes It Unique?
While it might not have the "identity" of The Masters' Augusta home or the U.S. Open's notorious reputation, the PGA has its own defining characteristics:
- Glory's Last Shot: The tagline used to be "Glory's Last Shot" when it was held in August, and the sentiment of being a decisive major remains. It demands excellence from every club in the bag.
- The Players' Major: The field is composed almost exclusively of touring professionals, with a special reservation for 20 PGA Club Professionals who earn their spot. This gives it a reputation for having the deepest, strongest field from top to bottom based on world rankings.
- The Wanamaker Trophy: The winner receives one of the largest trophies in sports, the giant silver Wanamaker Trophy, which weighs a staggering 27 pounds.
How to Watch the PGA Like a Coach
Since the course varies, watching the PGA is about identifying the "complete player." The setups are tough but fair, demanding great driving, sharp iron play, and a solid short game. Look for the player who isn't just good at one thing but has no discernible weaknesses. Is their driving setting up birdie opportunities? Or are they constantly scrambling to save par? The player who lifts the trophy on Sunday is often the one whose entire game was firing on all cylinders that week, showcasing adaptability and total command.
3. The U.S. Open: Golf's Toughest Test
If majors are designed to be difficult, the U.S. Open takes that idea and runs with it. The United States Golf Association (USGA) prides itself on setting up a course that provides the most rigorous, mentally taxing, and punishing examination in golf.
When & Where: The June Grind
The U.S. Open is contested in mid-June, with the final round always scheduled for Father's Day in the U.S. Like the PGA Championship, it travels a circuit of classic American courses. These are often venues steeped in history and known for their difficulty, like Shinnecock Hills, Winged Foot, or Pebble Beach.
What Makes It Unique?
The toughness is by design. The USGA’s philosophy is to test every single aspect of a player's skill and resolve. Here's what that looks like:
- The Course Setup: Get ready for narrow fairways, thick, punishing rough that can swallow a golf ball, and greens that are firm, fast, and often repel anything but a perfectly struck shot. Scoring is incredibly difficult. Par becomes a brilliant score on any hole.
- Truly "Open": This is where the name comes from. The U.S. Open is, in theory, open to anyone with a low enough handicap index. Half of the 156-player field is typically filled with golfers who battled their way through grueling 18-hole local and 36-hole final qualifying tournaments. This embraces the romantic notion that a relative unknown could have a shot at a national championship.
- Survival of the Fittest: More than any other major, winning a U.S. Open is about survival. Players who make bogeys - and they will - have to shake them off immediately. Staying patient and avoiding huge mistakes (the dreaded "double bogey" or worse) is the name of the game. Often, the winning score is close to even par, and sometimes it's over par.
How to Watch the U.S. Open Like a Coach
This tournament is a clinic in mental fortitude. Watch how players react to adversity. Who keeps their composure after a bad shot, and who lets it spiral? From a technical perspective, focus on players' tee shots. Hitting the fairway is absolutely paramount. Missing it means a battle just to get the ball back in play from the deep rough. You'll see pros hitting irons and fairway woods off the tee on long par 4s just to ensure they find the short grass. It’s a defense-first strategy.
4. The Open Championship: The Original
Played since 1860, The Open is the oldest golf tournament in existence. It is a complete departure from the other three majors, demanding a totally different brand of golf - one dictated by the ground, the weather, and pure imagination.
When & Where: The Links Challenge
As the final major of the year, The Open is held in mid-July. It rotates between a select roster of coastal, windswept "links" courses in the United Kingdom. Places like the Old Course at St. Andrews in Scotland, Royal Birkdale in England, or Royal Portrush in Northern Ireland.
What Makes It Unique?
Everything about The Open is a throwback to the origins of the game. It’s golf as it was first played.
- Links Golf: Unlike lush American parkland courses, links courses are built on sandy soil along the coast. The ground is firm and fast, meaning the ball can bounce and roll for huge distances. The course is defined by natural elements like dunes, gorse bushes, and deep, pot-style bunkers. But the biggest factor is always the weather - wind and rain can transform a difficult hole into a nearly impossible one.
- Creativity Over Power: Bombing the driver isn't always the answer. Success at The Open requires creativity, trajectory control, and a masterful ground game. Players must know how to hit low, piercing tee shots "under the wind," use the firm ground to bounce shots onto greens, and even use a putter from 50 yards away.
- The Claret Jug: The Champion Golfer of the Year, as the winner is formally titled, is presented with the celebrated Claret Jug, arguably the most iconic and beloved trophy in the sport.
How to Watch The Open Like a Coach
Forget everything you know about normal tour golf. Watch the trajectory of the golf ball. The players who contend are the ones "controlling their ball flight" and keeping it out of the jet stream. Pay attention to how often players take less club and play bump-and-run shots around the greens instead of high, lofted wedges. This major showcases a completely different, often more creative, skill set. It’s a canvas for artists, not just technicians.
Final Thoughts
So while the term "three majors" might pop up now and then, men's professional golf truly revolves around its four historic and incredible championships. Each provides a unique test and a stage for players to carve their name into the annals of golf history, from the manicured perfection of Augusta to the raw, natural challenge of a seaside links course.
Understanding the strategies that pros use to navigate the demands of a major can completely change how you see your own course. At Caddie AI, our goal is to give you that same professional-level insight. Whether you're working out a smart plan for a tricky par 5 or looking at a tough lie in the rough, we want you to have the confidence that comes from knowing you’re making the smartest play, turning a complex situation into a simple, executable shot.